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Omega 3 fatty acids are a group of unsaturated fatty acids that are considered essential nutrients and must be obtained from diet. Found only in oily fish, crustaceans, walnuts, certain seeds and grains and their oils, omega 3 fatty acids are often lacking in the modern western diet, and this low level deficiency that many people experience is considered to be a contributing factor towards the development of many illnesses and diseases. Of the many Omega 3 acids that exist, three of them, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are particularly important for human health.

Both EPA and DHA are the most important Omega 3 fatty acids for humans but, although considered essential nutrients, it is not strictly true that the body cannot manufacture them. ALA, which cannot be manufactured within the body at all, can once consumed can be converted into EPA and DHA. This conversion however is inefficient and does not provide an adequate supply of EPA and DHA for optimal health, even when levels of ALA are plenty. Furthermore, this conversion becomes interfered with by high levels of dietary omega 6 fatty acids as the omega 6 fatty acids compete with the omega 3’s for use of transport molecules and enzymes, and have a greater ability to attract and use these biological compounds.

A second problem also exists in cases where omega 3 consumption is too low and omega 6 is too high – imbalance of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory hormones. DHA and EPA play a vital role in the formation of compounds that regulate the anti inflammatory processes of the body, and their contribution to this is vital. Omega 6 fatty acids however are precursors to inflammatory compounds, and directly oppose the beneficial functions of omega 3.

In a diet where omega 3’s and omega 6’s are balanced optimally, the relationship between the two is at an approximate ratio of 3:1, three parts omega 6 to one part omega 3. However, in modern western diets reliant upon convenience foods and including lots of red meat the ratio between the two is highly unbalanced in the favour of omega 6 and often as bad as 14:1 or worse.

This imbalance leads to many health issues including but not limited to excessive tiredness, dry flaky skin, poor memory, depression and mood swings, arthritis, high blood pressure, heart disease, poor circulation and even retarded mental development in children. Worse yet, the effect of the imbalance upon inflammatory hormones is also linked to significantly increased risk of developing many forms cancer, auto immune disease and a poorer ability to resist infection or purge toxins and poisons from the body.

With all this considered, even in a diet where efforts are made to attain a favourable ratio of omega fats, supplementation of extra omega 3’s is never a bad idea. Popular omega 3 supplements range from fish and krill oils to certain seed oils, and are found either in liquid or capsule form.